Background

Multimorbidity, defined as the coexistence of two or more chronic medical conditions within an individual, has emerged as a major global healthcare challenge. Increasing life expectancy, urbanization, and lifestyle changes have contributed to a growing prevalence of multimorbidity worldwide.

Objective

To evaluate the clinical outcomes, healthcare utilization patterns, and quality of life among patients with multimorbidity and identify factors associated with adverse outcomes.

Methods

A retrospective observational study was conducted involving 1,250 adult patients attending tertiary healthcare facilities between January 2022 and December 2024. Data regarding demographic characteristics, chronic diseases, hospitalization rates, medication burden, emergency department visits, and mortality were analyzed. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression.

Results

The prevalence of multimorbidity was highest among individuals aged ≥65 years (61.8%). Patients with multimorbidity experienced significantly higher hospitalization rates (42.3%), polypharmacy prevalence (71.5%), and emergency department utilization (39.8%) compared to patients with single chronic conditions (p < 0.001). Quality of life scores were substantially lower among multimorbid patients. Cardiovascular disease combined with diabetes mellitus demonstrated the highest association with adverse outcomes (OR=2.41, 95% CI=1.82–3.19).

Conclusion

Multimorbidity is associated with increased healthcare utilization, reduced quality of life, and elevated mortality risk. Integrated patient-centered healthcare models are necessary to improve clinical outcomes and reduce healthcare system burden.