Background

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders during pregnancy and is associated with significant maternal, fetal, and neonatal complications. The increasing prevalence of obesity, sedentary lifestyles, and advanced maternal age has contributed to a global rise in GDM cases. Early diagnosis and effective management are critical for optimizing pregnancy outcomes.

Objective

This study evaluates the clinical characteristics of gestational diabetes mellitus and examines its impact on maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes.

Methods

A multicenter prospective observational study was conducted among 850 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics. Participants were screened for GDM using the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were compared between women with GDM and normoglycemic pregnancies.

Results

The prevalence of GDM was 14.8%. Women with GDM demonstrated significantly higher rates of cesarean delivery, pregnancy-induced hypertension, macrosomia, preterm birth, and neonatal intensive care unit admissions (p < 0.05). Effective glycemic control was associated with improved pregnancy outcomes and reduced complications.

Conclusion

Gestational diabetes mellitus significantly influences maternal and neonatal outcomes. Early detection, appropriate glycemic management, lifestyle interventions, and multidisciplinary care can substantially reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes and improve long-term health for both mother and child.