Background

Immunization is among the most cost-effective public health interventions for preventing childhood morbidity and mortality. Despite significant global progress in vaccination coverage, disparities remain across socioeconomic, geographic, and demographic groups.

Objective

To assess immunization coverage among children aged 12–59 months and identify determinants influencing vaccine uptake.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,200 children aged 12–59 months. Data were collected through structured interviews with caregivers and verification of vaccination records. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed.

Results

Overall full immunization coverage was 82.4%. Higher maternal education (AOR=2.18, 95% CI: 1.54–3.07), institutional delivery (AOR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.21–2.56), urban residence (AOR=1.68, 95% CI: 1.15–2.44), and regular healthcare visits (AOR=2.34, 95% CI: 1.66–3.28) were significantly associated with complete vaccination. Distance to health facilities and low household income negatively affected coverage.

Conclusion

Although immunization coverage remains relatively high, significant inequities persist. Strengthening maternal education, improving healthcare accessibility, and targeted community interventions can enhance vaccine uptake.