Background

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders affecting women of reproductive age. It is characterized by ovulatory dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology. PCOS is associated with reproductive, metabolic, cardiovascular, and psychological complications, significantly affecting quality of life.

Objective

To determine the prevalence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome among women and evaluate associated demographic, clinical, and metabolic risk factors.

Methods

A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 2,500 women aged 15–45 years attending gynecology and primary healthcare clinics between January 2023 and December 2024. Diagnosis was established using the Rotterdam criteria. Demographic data, anthropometric measurements, hormonal profiles, metabolic parameters, and clinical manifestations were analyzed.

Results

The overall prevalence of PCOS was 18.6%. The highest prevalence was observed among women aged 20–29 years. Menstrual irregularities (74.5%), hirsutism (61.3%), obesity (48.9%), acne (45.7%), and infertility (29.4%) were common manifestations. Obesity, family history, insulin resistance, and sedentary lifestyle were significantly associated with PCOS (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

PCOS affects a substantial proportion of women of reproductive age and represents an important public health concern. Early diagnosis, lifestyle modification, and multidisciplinary management are critical for reducing long-term reproductive and metabolic complications.