Respiratory infections remain one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among pediatric populations worldwide. Acute respiratory infections (ARIs), including upper respiratory tract infections, pneumonia, bronchiolitis, influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections, and emerging viral diseases, contribute substantially to healthcare utilization and childhood mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Multiple factors such as malnutrition, environmental pollution, inadequate immunization, overcrowding, and limited healthcare access increase susceptibility among children. This review examines the epidemiology, etiological agents, risk factors, clinical manifestations, complications, diagnostic approaches, treatment modalities, and prevention strategies related to respiratory infections in pediatric populations. Understanding these aspects is critical for improving child health outcomes and reducing the global burden of respiratory diseases.